Acids and Bases
Acids and Bases We use acids, and bases on every day of our lives, and these substances are also incredibly useful in biology and medicine. Our everyday diets contain acidic foods lemon juice, limes, grapes, pomegranates, grapefruits, blueberries, pineapples, vinegar, tamarind, curd and basic foods Almonds. Spinach, Garlic, Broccoli, Basil, Red Onion, Baking soda etc. […]
Radioactivity
What is Radio activity? In 1 March, 1896 Henry Bacquerel (French) was accidentally found that certain substances (Urnanium containing minerals) spontaneously emitting the invisible light radiation and effect on photographic plate. This activity of substance was termed as radioactivity. Radioactivity- The phenomenon of spontaneous emission of certain invisible radiation by some elements are called radioactivity. […]
Sources of Impurities.
Impurities are unwanted substances (foreign substances) that are present in chemical substances and drugs, which may harm their quality, safety, and effectiveness. They may come from different sources like during their preparation,storing , or handling . In inorganic pharmaceuticals these impurities are often as heavy metals, extra ions, or intermediate products. The different sources of […]
Assay of Sodium Chloride
Assay – As per I.P Assay of Sodium Chloride is performed by Modified Volhard’s Method:(I.P.1985)An accurately specified amount of sample is weighed and dissolved in water, Than it is treated with a known excess of N/10 silver nitrate, concentrated nitric acid, and nitrobenzene. Further the mixture solution is titrated with N/10 ammonium thiocyanate using ferric […]
Assay of Chlorinated lime or Bleaching Powder.
To determine the amount of “available chlorine” in chlorinated lime (bleaching powder), the Indian Pharmacopoeia (IP) recommends using an iodometric titration method. Chlorinated lime must have at least 30.0% w/w of accessible chlorine, according IP requirements. Principle The assay is based on the principle that the “available chlorine” present in chlorinated lime. Chlorinated lime release […]
Assay of Hydrogen Peroxide
This method is official in major pharmacopoeias and is widely used for its accuracy and simplicity in pharmaceutical analysis. The assay of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is typically performed using redox titration with a standardized solution of potassium permanganate (KMnO4) in an acidic medium. Principle– The principle behind this method is the oxidation-reduction reaction between the […]
Pharmacopoeia
What is a Pharmacopoeia? A pharmacopoeia is a legal and scientific reference book that sets the standards for the identity, purity, strength, and quality of pharmaceutical substances and medicinal preparations. It contains a collection of monographs, which are detailed descriptions of individual drugs, and general chapters that outline the official tests and procedures for their […]
Lisdexamfetamine: A Helpful Medicine for ADHD and Binge Eating Disorder( BED)
Lisdexamfetamine is a medicine that helps people with two main problems: ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) and binge eating disorder( BED). It is sold under brand names like Vyvanse and Elvanse. How It Works ? Lisdexamfetamine is a “prodrug,” which means it only starts working after your body changes it into another substance called dextroamphetamine. […]
Arene Diazonium Salt (Aryl Diazonium Salt)
Arene Diazonium Salt (Aryl Diazonium Salt) The diazonium salt has general formula ArN2+X–. Ar is stand for the aryl group X– = Cl–, Br–, HSO4–, BF4– These are named as Parent hydrocarbon + diazonium +corresponding anion name of a compound For example C6H5N2+Cl– -Benzene diazonium Chloride (BDC) C6H5N2+BF4– – Benzene diazonium tetra fluro borate. C6H5N2+HSO4– […]
Phenol
Phenol When a hydrogen atom is replaced by –OH group in aromatic hydrocarbon phenols are formed. Depending upon the presence of number of –OH group, Phenol may be classified as monohydric, dihydric, trihydric or polyhydric phenol. Some examples of Phenol Preparation Phenol is known as Carbolic acid; first it was isolated from coal tar, Now […]
Poison , Antidotes(Inorganic) and Cyanide poisoning
Poison , Antidotes (Inorganic) and Cyanide poisoning Poison Poison are thechemicalsubstances which can injure, damage cells, tissues, organs, or even result in death. Poisoning are taken place accidentally or intentionally to commit suicide. Mostly common poisoning occurs by heavy metals or metallic contamination of food and water. Poisoning may occur by the insecticides or pesticides. […]