Sources of Impurities in Pharmaceuticals
Impurities are unwanted substances (foreign substances) that are present in chemical substances and drugs, which may harm their quality, safety, and effectiveness. They may come from different sources like during their preparation,storing , or handling . In inorganic pharmaceuticals these impurities are often as heavy metals, extra ions, or intermediate products. The different sources of […]
Assay of Sodium Chloride
Assay – As per I.P Assay of Sodium Chloride is performed by Modified Volhard’s Method:(I.P.1985)An accurately specified amount of sample is weighed and dissolved in water, Than it is treated with a known excess of N/10 silver nitrate, concentrated nitric acid, and nitrobenzene. Further the mixture solution is titrated with N/10 ammonium thiocyanate using ferric […]
Assay of Chlorinated lime or Bleaching Powder.
To determine the amount of “available chlorine” in chlorinated lime (bleaching powder), the Indian Pharmacopoeia (IP) recommends using an iodometric titration method. Chlorinated lime must have at least 30.0% w/w of accessible chlorine, according IP requirements. Principle The assay is based on the principle that the “available chlorine” present in chlorinated lime. Chlorinated lime release […]
Assay of Hydrogen Peroxide
This method is official in major pharmacopoeias and is widely used for its accuracy and simplicity in pharmaceutical analysis. The assay of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is typically performed using redox titration with a standardized solution of potassium permanganate (KMnO4) in an acidic medium. Principle– The principle behind this method is the oxidation-reduction reaction between the […]
Pharmacopoeia
What is a Pharmacopoeia? A pharmacopoeia is a legal and scientific reference book that sets the standards for the identity, purity, strength, and quality of pharmaceutical substances and medicinal preparations. It contains a collection of monographs, which are detailed descriptions of individual drugs, and general chapters that outline the official tests and procedures for their […]
Poison , Antidotes(Inorganic) and Cyanide poisoning
Poison , Antidotes (Inorganic) and Cyanide poisoning Poison Poison are thechemicalsubstances which can injure, damage cells, tissues, organs, or even result in death. Poisoning are taken place accidentally or intentionally to commit suicide. Mostly common poisoning occurs by heavy metals or metallic contamination of food and water. Poisoning may occur by the insecticides or pesticides. […]
Anti-microbial Agents (Inorganic)
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS LEARNING ü Antimicrobial Agents ü Antiseptic ü Disinfectant ü Germicide ü Germistatic ü Mechanism of action of anti-microbial agents o Oxidation o Halogenations o Protein precipitation What are Antimicrobial Agents? · The chemical substances which can kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms are called Antimicrobial agents. · Examples of Inorganic Antimicrobial […]